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| The Kingdom Of Plants |
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Since the ancient times the plant kingdom have been divided according to their shapes utility habitat and use in the early texts in. But it has been done mostly depending on their usefulness or utility. But gradually as there were few who had profound knowledge of the same or due to dearth of a proper library on the subject stood as an impediment to the researchers to follow up. During the modern times plenty of research work have been done in the west. Depending on the fruits flowers shapes or similarities the plant kingdom has been divided and subdivided accordingly by the botanists or researchers which has been accepted world wide. Researchers in the west are of the opinion that the early division on the plant kingdom was done by a Greek philosopher named Theophrastus sometimes during 370 to 245 BC and more than fifteen hundred years later this division among plants were vastly improvised by Linnaeus. Presently there are two systems that are in use by the scientists, one being the system incorporated by Bentham & Hooker and the other by Engler and Prantl. The one by Bentham & Hooker is in use in India and England and the other is in use in Germany and some other European countries. But Rendle and Hutchinson has been somewhat more elaborate on their division of plants. The Engler and Prantl system has thirteen divisions but we shall be dealing with the Bentham & Hooker system as that is accepted in India. Hooker in his Genera Plantarum has divided the plants into two hundred natural order or familiy :- Plant Kingdom -- (a) Cryptogams and (b) Phanerogams. Cryptogams --- (1) Thallophyta (2) Bryophyta (3) Pteridophyta. The phanerogams are divided into --- (1) Angiosperms (2) Gymnosperms. Thallophyta are again subdivided into (a) Bacteria & Fungi (b) Algae (c) Lichens. The Bryophyta are subdivided into (a) Liverworts (b) Mosses. The Pteridophyta are subdivided to Fern and fern allies. The Angiosperms are subdivided into (a) Dicotyledon and (b) Monocotyledon. The divisions and the subdivisions above provides a short description of the various sections they are divided into. Every tree has a generic and a specific name. The specific name more often is used as an adjective of the genus, like Pinus Longifolia. The word Longifolia indicates long leaf Pinus tree. So the term Longifolia appears to be an adjective of Pinus. At times the specific name is applied in the name of the identifier or a renouned botanist of the particular tree like Meconopsis Wallichii Hook. This system of dual name is what we know as Binomial Nomenclature. It is still the most widely accepted form since the time of Linneus.
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